Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer amongman and seventh among woman and ranked as the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths [1, 2]. Chronic liver injury, Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections, alcohol-associated diseases, and aflatoxin intoxications are the leading causes of HCC development. Several mutations affecting WNT/𝛽-Catenin, PI3K/RAS, and oxidative stress signaling pathways as well as hot spotmutations in TP53 were frequently observed in hepatocarcinogenesis [3]. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective treatment option for patients with early diagnosis, albeit not suitable for advanced cases [4]. Despite the approval of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, namely, sorafenib and regorafenib, for advanced cases, 5-year survival of HCC patients is only less than 20% [1]. … Devamı →
